Chapter 15 Roof Assemblies and Rooftop Structures

Roof decks shall be covered with approved roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof coverings shall be designed in accordance with this code, and installed in accordance with this code and the manufacturer's approved instructions such that the roof covering shall serve to protect the building or structure.

Parapet walls shall be properly coped with noncombustible, weatherproof materials of a width no less than the thickness of the parapet wall.

Unless roofs are sloped to drain over roof edges, design and installation of roof drainage systems shall comply with Section 1503 and the Florida Building Code, Plumbing, Chapter 11.

Where roof drains are required, secondary (emergency overflow) roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the roof perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a manner that water will be entrapped if the primary drains allow buildup for any reason. The installation and sizing of secondary emergency overflow drains, leaders and conductors shall comply with Sections 1106 and 1107, as applicable, of the Florida Building Code, Plumbing, Chapter 11.

Where required for roof drainage, a scupper shall be placed level with the roof surface in a wall or parapet. The scupper shall be located as determined by the slope and the contributing area of the roof. The exterior facing or lining of a scupper, if metal, shall be the same as flashing material required by Sections 1503 through 1510 for the particular type of covering specified for the building. For other type materials, follow manufacturer's specifications.

When other means of drainage of overflow water is not provided, overflow scuppers shall be placed in walls or parapets not less than 2 inches (51 mm) nor more than 4 inches (102 mm) above the finished roof covering and shall be located as close as practical to required vertical leaders or downspouts or wall and parapet scuppers. An overflow scupper shall be sized in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

Gutters and leaders placed on the outside of buildings, other than Group R-3, private garages and buildings of Type V construction, shall be of noncombustible material or a minimum of Schedule 40 plastic pipe.

Attic ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 1203.2 and the vent product manufacturer's installation instructions.

Condensate lines and roof downspouts shall discharge at least 1 foot (305 mm) away from the structure sidewall, whether by underground piping, tail extensions, or splash blocks. Gutters with downspouts are required on all buildings with eaves of less than 6 inches (152 mm) horizontal projection except for gable end rakes or on a roof above another roof.

Roof decks and roof coverings shall be designed for wind loads in accordance with Chapter 16 and Sections 1504.2, 1504.3 and 1504.4.

Asphalt shingles shall be designed for wind speeds in accordance with Section 1507.2.7.

Wind loads on clay and concrete tile roof coverings shall be in accordance with Section 1609.5.

Testing of concrete and clay roof tiles shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.2.1.1 and 1504.2.1.2.

Concrete and clay roof tiles shall be tested to determine their resistance to overturning due to wind in accordance with SBCCI SSTD 11 and Chapter 15.

Where concrete and clay roof tiles do not satisfy the limitations in Chapter 16 for rigid tile, a wind tunnel test shall be used to determine the wind characteristics of the concrete or clay tile roof covering in accordance with SBCCI SSTD 11 and Chapter 15.

Roof coverings installed on roofs in accordance with Section 1507 that are mechanically attached or adhered to the roof deck shall be designed to resist the design wind load pressures for components and cladding in accordance with Section 1609.

Built-up, modified bitumen, fully adhered or mechanically attached single-ply roof systems, metal panel roof systems applied to a solid or closely fitted deck and other types of membrane roof coverings shall be tested in accordance with FM 4474, UL 580 or UL 1897.

Ballasted low-slope (roof slope < 2:12) single-ply roof system coverings installed in accordance with Sections 1507.12 and 1507.13 shall be designed in accordance with Section 1504.8 and ANSI/SPRI RP-4.

Low-slope built-up, modified bitumen and single-ply roof system metal edge securement, except gutters, shall be designed and installed for wind loads in accordance with Chapter 16 and tested for resistance in accordance with Test Methods RE-1, RE-2 and RE-3 of ANSI/SPRI ES-1, or RAS 111 except V_ult wind speed shall be determined from Figure 1609.3(1), 1609.3(2), 1609.3(3) or 1609.3(4) as applicable.

Roof coverings installed on low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) in accordance with Section 1507 shall demonstrate physical integrity over the working life of the roof based upon 2,000 hours of exposure to accelerated weathering tests conducted in accordance with ASTM G152, ASTM G153, ASTM G154 or ASTM G155. Those roof coverings that are subject to cyclical flexural response due to wind loads shall not demonstrate any significant loss of tensile strength for unreinforced membranes or breaking strength for reinforced membranes when tested as herein required.

Roof coverings installed on low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) in accordance with Section 1507 shall resist impact damage based on the results of tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D3746, ASTM D4272 or the "Resistance to Foot Traffic Test" in Section 4.6 of FM 4470. All structural metal roofing systems having a thickness equal to or greater than 22 gage and all nonstructural metal roof systems having a thickness equal to or greater than 26 gage shall be exempt from the tests listed above.

Class B roof assemblies are those that are effective against moderate fire-test exposure. Class B roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identified as Class B by an approved testing agency.

Class C roof assemblies are those that are effective against light fire-test exposure. Class C roof assemblies and roof coverings shall be listed and identified as Class C by an approved testing agency.

Nonclassified roofing is approved material that is not listed as a Class A, B or C roof covering.

Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles shall be treated by impregnation with chemicals by the full-cell vacuum-pressure process, in accordance with AWPA C1. Each bundle shall be marked to identify the manufactured unit and the manufacturer, and shall also be labeled to identify the classification of the material in accordance with the testing required in Section 1505.1, the treating company and the quality control agency.

Reserved.

Building-integrated photovoltaic products installed as the roof covering shall be tested, listed and labeled for fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.1.

Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 1703 or UL 2703. The fire classification shall comply with Table 1505.1 based on the type of construction of the building.

Reserved.

The requirements set forth in this section shall apply to the application of roof-covering materials specified herein. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer's installation instructions. Installation of roof coverings shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 1507.

Roof-covering materials shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this chapter.

Roofs and roof coverings shall be of materials that are compatible with each other and with the building or structure to which the materials are applied.

Roof-covering materials shall be delivered in packages bearing the manufacturer's identifying marks and approved testing agency labels required in accordance with Section 1505. Bulk shipments and/or site manufactured materials shall be accompanied with the same information or issued in the form of a certificate or on a bill of lading by the manufacturer.

Roof-covering materials shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this chapter. In the absence of applicable standards or where materials are of questionable suitability, testing by an approved agency shall be required by the building code official to determine the character, quality and limitations of application of the materials.

Nails shall be corrosion-resistant nails conforming to ASTM F1667 or an equal corrosion resistance by coating, electro galvanization, mechanical galvanization, hotdipped galvanization, stainless steel, nonferrous metal and alloys or other suitable corrosion-resistant material, or corrosion resistance shall be demonstrated in accordance with TAS114, Appendix E.

Clips shall be corrosion-resistant clips. The corrosion resistance shall meet 0.90 ounce per square foot (0.458 kg/m²) measured according to ASTM A90/A90M, TAS 114, Appendix E or an equal corrosion-resistance coating, electro galvanization, mechanical galvanization, hot dipped galvanization, stainless steel, nonferrous metals and alloys or other suitable corrosion-resistant material. Stainless steel clips shall conform to ASTM A240/A240M, Type 304.

Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and the manufacturer's installation instructions.

Underlayment for concrete and clay tile shall comply with Section 1507.3.3.

The installation of asphalt shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section. or RAS 115.

Asphalt shingles shall be fastened to solidly sheathed decks.

Asphalt shingles shall only be used on roof slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) or greater. For roof slopes from two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope), double underlayment application is required in accordance with Section 1507.2.8.

Underlayment shall comply and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

Self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall comply with ASTM D1970.

Asphalt shingles shall have self-seal strips or be interlocking and comply with ASTM D225 or ASTM D3462. Shingles shall also comply with Table 1507.2.7.1. Asphalt shingle packaging shall bear labeling indicating compliance with one of the required classifications as shown in Table 1507.2.7.1.

Fasteners for asphalt shingles shall be galvanized, stainless steel, aluminum or copper roofing nails, minimum 12-gage [0.105 inch (2.67 mm)] shank with a minimum ³/₈-inch-diameter (9.5 mm) head, of a length to penetrate through the roofing materials and a minimum of ³/₄ inch (19.1 mm) into the roof sheathing. Where the roof sheathing is less than ³/₄ inch (19.1 mm) thick, the nails shall penetrate through the sheathing. Fasteners shall comply with ASTM F1667.

The nail component of plastic cap nails shall meet the corrosion-resistance requirements of Section 1506.5.

Asphalt shingles shall have the minimum number of fasteners required by the manufacturer and Section 1504.1. Asphalt shingles shall be secured to the roof with not less than four fasteners per strip shingle or two fasteners per individual shingle. Where the roof slope exceeds 21 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21:12), asphalt shingles shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's printed installation instructions for steep-slope roof applications.

MAXIMUM BASIC WIND SPEED FROM FIGURE 1609.3(1), 1609.3.(2), 1609.3(3), 1609.3(4) or ASCE 7	Vasd	ASTM D7158	ASTM D3161
110	85	D, G or H	D or F
116	90	D, G or H	D or F
129	100	G or H	D or F
142	110	G or H	F
155	120	G or H	F
168	130	H	F
181	140	H	F
194	150	H	F

Underlayment shall comply with Section 1507.1.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Flashing for asphalt shingles shall comply with this section or RAS 111. Flashing shall be applied in accordance with this section, the asphalt shingle manufacturer's printed instructions or RAS 111.

Provide drip edge at eaves and gables of shingle roofs. Overlap is to be a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm). Eave drip edges shall extend ¹/₂ inch (13 mm) below sheathing and extend back on the roof a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm). Drip edge at gables shall be installed over the underlayment. Drip edge at eaves shall be permitted to be installed either over or under the underlayment. If installed over the underlayment, there shall be a minimum 4 inches (51 mm) width of roof cement installed over the drip edge flange. Drip edge shall be mechanically fastened a maximum of 12 inches (305 mm) on center. Where the V_asd, as determined in accordance with Section 1609.3.1, is 110 mph (177 km/h) or greater or the mean roof height exceeds 33 feet (10 058 mm), drip edges shall be mechanically fastened a maximum of 4 inches (102 mm) on center.

The installation of clay and concrete tile shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Concrete and clay tile shall be installed only over solid sheathing except where the roof covering is specifically designed and tested in accordance with Section 1609.5.2 to be applied over structural spaced sheathing boards

Clay and concrete roof tile shall be installed in accordance with the recommendations of FRSA/TRI Florida High Wind Concrete and Clay Roof Tile Installation Manual, Sixth Edition where the V_asd is determined in accordance with Section 1609.3.1 or the recommendations of RAS 118, 119 or 120.

Unless otherwise noted, underlayment shall be applied according to the underlayment manufacturer's installation instructions or the recommendations of the FRSA/TRI Florida High Wind Concrete and Clay Roof Tile Installation Manual, Sixth Edition where the basic wind speed, V_asd, is determined in accordance with Section 1609.3.1 or the recommendations of RAS 118, 119 or 120.

Refer to FRSA/TRI Florida High Wind Concrete and Clay Roof Tile Installation Manual, Sixth Edition where the basic wind speed V_asd is determined in accordance with Section 1609.3.1 for underlayment and slope requirements for specific roof tile systems or the recommendations of RAS 111, 118, 119 or 120.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Clay roof tile shall comply with ASTM C1167.

Concrete roof tile shall comply with ASTM C1492.

Tile fasteners shall be corrosion resistant and not less than 11-gage, ⁵/₁₆-inch (8.0 mm) head, and of sufficient length to penetrate the deck a minimum of ³/₄ inch (19.1 mm) or through the thickness of the deck, whichever is less. Attaching wire for clay or concrete tile shall not be smaller than 0.083 inch (2.1 mm). Perimeter fastening areas include three tile courses but not less than 36 inches (914 mm) from either side of hips or ridges and edges of eaves and gable rakes.

Tile shall be applied according to the manufacturer's installation instructions or recommendations of the FRSA/TRI Florida High Wind Concrete and Clay Roof Tile Installation Manual, Sixth Edition where the basic wind speed, V_asd, is determined in accordance with Section 1609.3.1 or the recommendation of RAS 118, 119 or 120.

At the juncture of the roof vertical surfaces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions or the recommendations of the FRSA/TRI Florida High Wind Concrete and Clay Roof Tile Installation Manual, Sixth Edition where the basic wind speed, V_asd, is determined in accordance with Section 1609.3.1 or the recommendation of RAS 118, 119 or 120.

The installation of metal roof panels shall comply with the provisions of this section. Metal roofing panels shall be factory or field manufactured in accordance with the manufacturers' product approval specifications and limitations of use. Metal roofing panels shall be factory or field manufactured under a quality assurance program that is audited by a third-party quality assurance entity approved by the Florida Building Commission for that purpose.

Metal roof panel roof coverings shall be applied to a solid or closely fitted deck, except where the roof covering is specifically designed to be applied to spaced supports.

Reserved.

Underlayment shall comply with and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

The installation of metal roof shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Metal roof shingles shall be applied to a solid or closely fitted deck, except where the roof covering is specifically designed to be applied to spaced sheathing.

Metal roof shingles shall not be installed on roof slopes below three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope).

Underlayment shall comply with and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Metal roof shingle roof coverings shall comply with Table 1507.4.3(1). The materials used for metal-roof shingle roof coverings shall be naturally corrosion resistant or provided with corrosion resistance in accordance with the standards and minimum thicknesses specified in the standards listed in Table 1507.4.3(2).

Metal roof shingles shall be secured to the roof in accordance with the approved manufacturer's installation instructions.

Roof valley flashing shall be of corrosion-resistant metal of the same material as the roof covering or shall comply with the standards in Table 1507.4.3(1). The valley flashing shall extend at least 8 inches (203 mm) from the centerline each way and shall have a splash diverter rib not less than 0.75 inch (19.1 mm) high at the flow line formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm).

The installation of mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall comply with this section.

Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall be fastened to solidly sheathed roofs.

Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall not be applied on roof slopes below one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope).

Underlayment shall comply with and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall conform to ASTM D3909 or ASTM D6380 Class M or Class WS.

The installation of slate shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Slate shingles shall be fastened to solidly sheathed roofs.

Slate shingles shall only be used on slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12) or greater.

Underlayment shall comply with and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Slate shingles shall comply with ASTM C406.

Flashing and counterflashing shall be made with sheet metal. Valley flashing shall be a minimum of 16 inches (381 mm) wide. Valley and flashing metal shall be a minimum thickness provided in Table 1503.2 nonferrous metal or stainless steel.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Underlayment shall comply with and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Fasteners to attach wood shingles shall be Type 304 (Type 316 for coastal areas) stainless steel ring-shank nails with a minimum penetration of ³/₄ inch (19.1 mm) into the sheathing. Each shingle shall be attached with a minimum of two fasteners.

Reserved.

Each bundle of shingles shall be identified by a label of an approved grading or inspection bureau or agency.

All wood shakes shall be installed in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer's installation instructions, the Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau New Roof Construction Manual or RAS 130. The product approval shall state the allowable uplift resistance for the attachment system. The installation of wood shakes shall be limited to roofs where the allowable uplift resistance is equal to or greater than the design uplift pressure for the roof in compliance with Section 1504.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Underlayment shall comply with and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Fasteners to attach wood shakes shall be Type 304 (Type 316 for coastal areas) stainless steel ring-shank nails with a minimum penetration of ³/₄ inch (19.1 mm) into the sheathing. Each shake shall be attached with a minimum of two fasteners.

Reserved.

Each bundle of shakes shall be identified by a label of an approved grading or inspection bureau or agency.

The installation of built-up roofs shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Built-up roofs shall have a design slope of not less than one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage, except for coal-tar built-up roofs that shall have a design slope of not less than one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope).

Red rosin paper shall be used when the membrane is applied directly to a wood deck or cementitious fiber decks.

The installation of modified bitumen roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Modified bitumen membrane roofs shall have a design slope of not less than one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

Modified bitumen roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D6162, ASTM D6163, ASTM D6164, ASTM D6222, ASTM D6223, ASTM D6298 or ASTM D6509.

The installation of thermoset single-ply roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Thermoset single-ply membrane roofs shall have a design slope of not less than one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

Thermoset single-ply roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D4637 or ASTM D5019.

Ballasted thermoset low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) shall be installed in accordance with this section and Section 1504.4. Stone used as ballast shall comply with ASTM D448 or ASTM D7655.

The installation of thermoplastic single-ply roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Thermoplastic single-ply membrane roofs shall have a design slope of not less than one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

Thermoplastic single-ply roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D4434, ASTM D6754 or ASTM D6878.

Ballasted thermoplastic low-slope roofs (roof slope < 2:12) shall be installed in accordance with this section and Section 1504.4. Stone used as ballast shall comply with ASTM D448 or ASTM D7655.

The installation of sprayed polyurethane foam roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section or in compliance with RAS 109 and 109-A.

Sprayed polyurethane foam roofs shall have a design slope of not less than one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

Spray-applied polyurethane foam insulation shall comply with Type III or IV as defined in ASTM C1029.

Foam plastic materials and installation shall comply with Chapter 26.

The installation of liquid-applied roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Liquid-applied roofing shall have a design slope of not less than one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

Liquid-applied roofing shall comply with ASTM C836, ASTM C957, ASTM D1227 or ASTM D3468, ASTM D6083, ASTM D6694 or ASTM D6947.

Vegetative roofs, roof gardens and landscaped roofs shall comply with the requirements of this chapter, Sections 1607.12.3 and 1607.12.3.1 and the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

The structural frame and roof construction supporting the load imposed upon the roof by the vegetative roof, roof gardens or landscaped roofs shall comply with the requirements of Table 601.

Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles. The installation of building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Underlayment shall comply and be installed in accordance with Section 1507.1.1.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703.

Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall be attached in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall be tested in accordance with procedures and acceptance criteria in ASTM D3161 or TAS 107. Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall comply with the classification requirements of Table 1507.2.7.1 for the appropriate maximum basic wind speed. Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles packaging shall bear a label to indicate compliance with the procedures in ASTM D3161 or TAS 107 and the required classification from Table 1507.2.7.1.

Solar photovoltaic panels/modules installed upon a roof or as an integral part of a roof assembly shall comply with the requirements of this code and the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

The structural frame and roof construction supporting the load imposed upon the roof by the photovoltaic panels/modules shall comply with the requirements of Table 601.

Cellulosic fiberboard roof insulation shall conform to the material and installation requirements of Chapter 23.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Reserved.

The provisions of this section shall govern the construction of rooftop structures.

Penthouses in compliance with Sections 1510.2.1 through 1510.2.5 shall be considered as a portion of the story directly below the roof deck on which such penthouses are located. All other penthouses shall be considered as an additional story of the building.

The aggregate area of penthouses and other enclosed rooftop structures shall not exceed one-third the area of the supporting roof deck. Such penthouses and other enclosed rooftop structures shall not be required to be included in determining the building area or number of stories as regulated by Section 503.1. The area of such penthouses shall not be included in determining the fire area specified in Section 901.7.

Penthouses shall not be used for purposes other than the shelter of mechanical or electrical equipment, tanks, or vertical shaft openings in the roof assembly.

Provisions such as louvers, louver blades or flashing shall be made to protect the mechanical and electrical equipment and the building interior from the elements.

Tanks having a capacity of more than 500 gallons (1893 L) located on the roof deck of a building shall be supported on masonry, reinforced concrete, steel or heavy timber construction complying with Section 2304.11 provided that, where such supports are located in the building above the lowest story, the support shall be fire-resistance rated as required for Type IA construction.

In the bottom or on the side near the bottom of the tank, a pipe or outlet, fitted with a suitable quick-opening valve for discharging the contents into a drain in an emergency shall be provided.

Tanks shall not be placed over or near a stairway or an elevator shaft, unless there is a solid roof or floor underneath the tank.

Unenclosed roof tanks shall have covers sloping toward the perimeter of the tanks.

Towers, spires, domes and cupolas shall be of a type of construction having fire-resistance ratings not less than required for the building on top of which such tower, spire, dome or cupola is built. Towers, spires, domes and cupolas greater than 85 feet (25 908 mm) in height above grade plane as measured to the highest point on such structures, and either greater than 200 square feet (18.6 m²) in horizontal area or used for any purpose other than a belfry or an architectural embellishment, shall be constructed of and supported on Type I or II construction.

Towers, spires, domes and cupolas greater than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in height above the highest point at which such structure contacts the roof as measured to the highest point on such structure, or that exceeds 200 square feet (18.6 m²) in area at any horizontal section, or which is intended to be used for any purpose other than a belfry or architectural embellishment, or is located on the top of a building greater than 50 feet (1524 mm) in building height shall be constructed of and supported by noncombustible materials and shall be separated from the building below by construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1.5 hours with openings protected in accordance with Section 711. Such structures located on the top of a building greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm) in building height shall be supported by noncombustible construction.

Enclosed towers and spires shall have exterior walls constructed as required for the building on top of which such towers and spires are built. The roof covering of spires shall be not less than the same class of roof covering required for the building on top of which the spire is located.

Mechanical equipment screens shall be constructed of the materials specified for the exterior walls in accordance with the type of construction of the building. Where the fire separation distance is greater than 5 feet (1524 mm), mechanical equipment screens shall not be required to comply with the fire-resistance rating requirements.

Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems shall be designed in accordance with this section.

Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems shall be designed for wind loads in accordance with ASCE 7.

Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems shall have the same fire classification as required for the roof assembly by Section 1505.

Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Photovoltaic panels and modules mounted on top of a roof shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

Rooftop structures not regulated by Sections 1510.2 through 1510.7 shall comply with Sections 1510.8.1 through 1510.8.5, as applicable.

Bulkheads used for the shelter of mechanical or electrical equipment or vertical shaft openings in the roof assembly shall comply with Section 1510.2 as penthouses. Bulkheads used for any other purpose shall be considered as an additional story of the building.

Dormers shall be of the same type of construction as required for the roof in which such dormers are located or the exterior walls of the building.

Fences and similar structures shall comply with Section 1510.6 as mechanical equipment screens.

Flagpoles and similar structures shall not be required to be constructed of noncombustible materials and shall not be limited in height or number.

The structural frame and roof construction supporting imposed loads upon the roof by any rooftop structure shall comply with the requirements of Table 601. The fire-resistance reduction permitted by Table 601, Note a, shall not apply to roofs containing rooftop structures.

Cable- and raceway-type wiring methods installed on rooftops and not encased in structural concrete shall be supported above the roof system and covering. Cable- and raceway-type wiring methods installed in locations under metal-corrugated sheet roof decking shall be supported so there is not less than 38 mm (1¹/₂ in.) measured from the lowest surface of the roof decking to the top of the cable or raceway. A cable or raceway shall not be installed in concealed locations in metal-corrugated sheet decking—type roof.

Not more than 25 percent of the total roof area or roof section of any existing building or structure shall be repaired, replaced or recovered in any 12-month period unless the entire existing roofing system or roof section is replaced to conform to requirements of this code.

Structural roof components shall be capable of supporting the roof-covering system and the material and equipment loads that will be encountered during installation of the system.

Reserved.

Reserved.

Where the application of a new roof covering over wood shingle or shake roofs creates a combustible concealed space, the entire existing surface shall be covered with gypsum board, mineral fiber, glass fiber or other approved materials securely fastened in place.

Existing or salvaged slate, clay or concrete tile shall be permitted for reinstallation or reuse, to repair an existing slate or tile roof, except that salvaged slate or tile shall be of like kind in both material and profile. Damaged, cracked or broken slate or tile shall not be reinstalled. The building official may permit salvaged slate, clay and concrete tile to be installed on additions and new construction, when the tile is tested in compliance with the provisions of Section 1507 and installed in accordance with Section 1507. Existing vent flashing, metal edgings, drain outlets, collars and metal counterflashings shall not be reinstalled where rusted, damaged or deteriorated. Aggregate surfacing materials shall not be reinstalled.

Flashings shall be reconstructed in accordance with approved manufacturer's installation instructions or RAS 111. Metal flashing to which bituminous materials are to be adhered shall be primed prior to installation.

Sections 1512 through 1525 set forth minimum requirements for the materials and installation of roofing components, roofing systems, roofing assemblies and the waterproofing thereof.

These high-velocity hurricane zone roofing requirements with associated roofing application standards (RAS) and testing application standards (TAS) are to be implemented in the HVHZ, or where the jurisdiction having authority has adopted their use.

All roofing components, roofing systems and roofing assemblies for construction regulated by this code shall comply with this chapter. All roofing components, roofing systems and roofing assemblies shall have a valid and current product approval. In the event that the manufacturers published literature or instructions are in conflict with those of the product approval, the product approval shall prevail. Where items specifically and expressly addressed in this chapter are in conflict with the product approval, the provisions of this chapter shall prevail.

Innovative products and/or systems outside those currently recognized under this chapter may have a product approval issued based on performance testing; in such case(s) the conditions set in the product approval shall prevail.

For roofing systems to be installed on a specific building or structure, where an existing product approval may not be applied, such roofing system shall be permitted to be approved on a one-time project basis by the authority having jurisdiction, provided the applicant demonstrates, by testing and/or rational analysis that such roofing system complies with the provision of this code.

Where a product approval does not address a detail for a specific job condition, the permit applicant may propose to the building official an alternate detail to address the specific need of the job. The building official shall be permitted to approve such proposal if it can be demonstrated that the provisions of this code will be met.

All roofing work shall be performed by a qualified contractor licensed to perform roofing, in compliance with the tolerances, quality and methods of construction established herein or set forth in the standards adopted by these high-velocity hurricane zone requirements. Roofing assemblies detailed in the product approval shall be installed in strict compliance with the method of application set forth in such product approval or, if not part of the product approval, in compliance with manufacturer's published application instructions, or as approved by the building official. (Aesthetic issues not affecting the performance of the roof are not part of this chapter.)

Where the architectural appearance of the underside of the roof is to be preserved, an alternate method of attachment complying with the windload requirements of Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones) may be proposed unless otherwise addressed in Chapter 15. The alternative attachment shall be prepared, signed and sealed by a Floridaregistered architect or a Florida-registered engineer, which architect or engineer shall be proficient in structural design.

Permits outside these high-velocity hurricane zone requirements shall comply with Section 105. Permits within the HVHZ shall be required for all work in connection with the application, repair or maintenance of any roofing component or any roofing assembly and/or any of its components except as otherwise permitted in Section 105 of this code.

All new roofing construction, including recovering and reroofing, repair or maintenance shall have an HVHZ Uniform Roofing Permit Application, as required by the authority having jurisdiction, completed and executed by a licensed contractor.

The HVHZ Uniform Roofing Permit Application shall include calculations in accordance with Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones) of this code, unless the roofing assembly is less than the height/pressure threshold allowed in the applicable protocols herein.

Reserved.

Attachments to the HVHZ Uniform Roofing Permit Application shall include two copies of each of the following documents: properly executed OWNERS NOTIFICATION FOR ROOFING CONSIDERATIONS herein; the fire directory listing pages, product approval, and applicable detail drawings; the municipal permit application; other components approvals; and any other additional data required by the authority having jurisdiction needed to determine the integrity of the roofing system.

All roofing work for which a permit is required shall be inspected by the building official. One or more inspections may be performed at the same time at the request of the roofing contractor or when feasible. Lack of roofing contractor's personnel at the job site, in and of itself, shall not be cause to fail the inspection. Certain roofing inspections shall be performed during specific phases of the applications as noted below:

For discontinuous roofing systems (as defined herein or in Chapter 2):

During or after application of the base sheet, anchor sheet or underlayment of any roofing system.

During the installation of the cap sheet.

During the installation of any prepared roof covering, such as shingles, tiles, slates, shakes and similar.

Upon completion of all adhesive-set and mortar-set tile systems, and prior to the final inspection, a field verification and static uplift test, in compliance with TAS 106 shall be required to confirm tile adhesion to the underlayment. This test may be required by the building official for mechanically attached tile systems. All results of this test shall be submitted to the building official.

For continuous roofing systems (as defined herein or in Chapter 2):

During application of any roofing system prior to the full concealment of the adhesion/attachment process to the roof deck or to the existing roofing assembly.

In cases where a roof area is less than 1,500 square feet (139 m²), and when the building official is not able to perform any of the above requested inspection in a timely manner, the building official may authorize to continue with the work and may require that satisfactory evidence be provided to show that the covered work was performed in compliance with this code.

After all roofing work has been completed, a final inspection shall be performed by the building official.

Roof decks shall be covered with roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof coverings shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with this code and the manufacturer's installation instructions such that the roof covering shall serve to protect the building or structure. All roof coverings, roof systems and roof assemblies shall be designed and installed to resist the windload requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones) of this code.

All roof flashing and terminations shall be designed and installed to resist the windload requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones) of this code, and shall be in compliance with the provisions set forth in RAS 111.

Where flashing is of metal, the metal shall conform with the provisions of RAS 111.

All membrane flashing shall be installed according to the roof assembly manufacturer's published literature and in accordance with the provisions set forth in RAS 111.

Membrane flashings shall be embedded in hot bitumen or an approved adhesive.

Metal flashing and terminations shall be of the material and thickness described in Section 1517.6 and RAS 111 of this code, and shall be designed and installed in accordance with RAS 111.

Metal surfaces shall be primed with an ASTM D41 or ASTM D43 primer, as appropriate and allowed to dry prior to receiving hot bitumen or cold adhesive.

Metal counterflashing shall be of the material and thickness described in Section 1517.6 and RAS 111 of this code, and shall be installed in accordance with RAS 111.

Metal counterflashing shall be built into walls, set in reglets or applied as stucco type and shall be turned down over base flashing not less than 3 inches (76 mm).

Metal counterflashing shall be side lapped a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm).

Metal counterflashing, where set in reglets or surface-mounted, shall be waterproofed, in accordance with applicable application standards.

Where metal counterflashing is used as the means of sealing (such as a vented system) it shall be set in an approved sealant, sealed with an approved adhesive on the top flange and all joints shall be sealed with an approved sealant and lapped a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm).

All pipes shall be flashed with approved lead sleeve-type, pitch pans or other approved methods detailed in the roofing system assembly product approval. Lead flashing shall not be less than 2.5 pounds per square foot (12.2 kg/m²). Flanges shall be a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm).

Other roof penetrations shall be suitably flashed with curbs, collars, pitch pans, in compliance with RAS 111 or an approved method, in compliance with the roofing system assembly product approval.

No roof penetration shall be located in roof valleys.

Copings shall be designed and installed to resist the windload requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones) of this code, and shall be in accordance with the provisions set forth in RAS 111.

Unless roofs are sloped to drain over roof edges, roof drains shall be installed at each low point of the roof. If required, roof drains shall comply with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing. Where required for primary roof drainage, scuppers shall be placed level with the roof surface in a wall or parapet. The scupper shall be located as determined by the roof slope and contributing roof area. Scuppers shall be sized in accordance with the provisions contained in ASCE 7, Chapter 8 with commentary and shall comply with Section 1611 herein.

Gutters shall be in compliance with RAS 111.

Where roof drains are required, overflow drains or overflow scuppers sized in accordance with Florida Building Code, Plumbing and ASCE 7, Chapter 8 with commentary shall be installed with the inlet flow line located not less than 2 inches (51 mm) or more than 4 inches (102 mm) above the low point of the finished roofing surface, excluding sumps. Overflow scuppers shall be a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) in any dimension and shall be located as close as practical to required vertical leaders, conductors or downspouts. Overflow drains and scuppers shall also comply with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing, and Section 1611 of this code.

When overflow scuppers and roof drains are installed, they shall be lined with approved metal or other approved materials set forth herein.

When recovering, reroofing or repairing an existing roof, the existing number or size of required scuppers and/or roof drains shall not be reduced, unless a new drainage system is designed by a registered design professional, in compliance with the provisions of this code.

Roof drains, gutters, conductors and leaders shall be sized and discharge in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing and ASCE 7, Chapter 8 with commentary.

All roof assemblies, roof coverings and roof systems shall have product approval, and shall meet the following minimum requirements.

All continuous roofing assemblies shall be tested in compliance with FM Test Standards 4470 and/or 4471 (for metal roofing), as modified for the purposes of this code and set forth in TAS 114. Only those components listed within the roofing assembly product approval shall be approved for use with the roof covering. Roofing assemblies shall be acceptable for use in this code's jurisdiction providing they are in compliance with the fire classification required for the structure to which the roofing assembly is to be installed.

All fastening devices and fastening assemblies used for insulation, anchor sheet or roof coverings shall be tested in compliance with Section 1523 of this code.

All roofing assemblies shall be tested by a testing laboratory, certified by the certification agency in accordance with TAS 301, to confirm compliance with the fire classification and other sections of this code.

All roofing membranes and components shall be tested in compliance with the physical property test requirements detailed in TAS 110.

No loose laid ballasted or nonballasted system shall be permitted.

All roofing systems and prepared roof coverings shall be installed over solid decks, unless otherwise specifically allowed in other sections of this code.

All roofing assemblies must be installed in compliance with the slope requirements specified in the product control approval, in compliance with Table 1515.2.

In new construction the minimum deck slope shall be not less than ¹/₄:12.

Reserved.

All eaves shall provide a firm nailable substrate for secure attachment of perimeter edge metal in compliance with RAS 111.

Perimeter edge metal shall be fastened with nails or fasteners fabricated from similar or compatible material. The nails or fasteners shall be as set forth in the roofing assembly product approval.

Roof coverings installed on low slope roofs in accordance with Section 1519 shall resist impact damage based on the results of tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D3746, ASTM D4272, FM 4470 or TAS 114.

Ridge vents shall have a product approval, and shall be tested for wind driven rain in accordance with TAS 110 and Section 1523.

Roof assemblies shall be divided into the classes defined below. Class A, B and C roof assemblies and roof coverings required to be listed by this section shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E108 or UL 790. In addition, fire-retardant-treated-wood roof coverings shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D2898.

Fire-resistant roofing assemblies and coverings shall be provided on all structures. Fire classification of roofing assemblies and coverings shall be based on the exposure hazard as follows:

All other structures, except as noted below.

Structures not occupied by humans.

All roofing assemblies shall be installed at a slope no greater than the maximum allowed for the required fire classification.

Waterproofing assembly must possess a Class A, Class B or Class C fire rating as required herein.

Every roofing component shall comply with the applicable ASTM material standards adopted by this code. All such products shall bear the testing logo imprinted on the material and/or container or shall be marked in a distinctive manner to define compliance with the standards and shall be subject to be evaluated for compliance. The certification agency shall carry out random testing of labeled products to confirm compliance with ASTM material standard.

Reserved.

Reserved.

All roofing components shall be labeled and/or identified as mandated by the product approval.

ASTM standard roll goods shall be marked with a yellow line to identify the ASTM standard, or such other marking as may be deemed appropriate by the product approval.

Nails shall be minimum 12 gage, annular ring shank nails having not less than 20 rings per inch, heads not less than ³/₈ inch (9.5 mm) in diameter; and lengths sufficient to penetrate through the thickness of plywood panel or wood plank decking not less than ³/₁₆ inch (4.8 mm), or to penetrate into a 1 inch (25 mm) or greater thickness of lumber not less than 1 inch. Nails or wood screws shall be hot-dipped electro- or mechanically galvanized to a thickness sufficient to resist corrosion in compliance with TAS 114, Appendix E, Section 2 (ASTM G85). All nails shall be listed by a certification agency. All nail cartons or carton labels shall be labeled to note compliance with the corrosion-resistance requirements. No roofing material shall be fully or partially adhered directly to a nailable deck, unless otherwise noted in the roof assembly product approval.

Such fasteners shall be applied through "Tin caps" no less than 1⁵/₈ inches (41 mm) and not more than 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter and of not less than 32 gage (0.010 inch) sheet metal. "Cap nails" or prefabricated fasteners with integral heads complying with this section shall be an acceptable substitute. All "tin caps," "cap nails" or prefabricated fasteners with integral heads shall be tested for corrosion resistance in compliance with TAS 114 Appendix E, Section 2 (ASTM G85), and shall be product control listed. All of cartons or carton labels "tin caps," "cap nails" or prefabricated fasteners with integral heads shall be labeled to note compliance with the corrosion-resistance requirements.

All metal accessories for roofs shall be not less than 26 gage G-90 galvanized or stainless steel, 16 ounce copper, 0.025-inch (0.6 mm) thick aluminum, lead sheet with a minimum 2.5 lb/sf (12.2 kg/m²) or equivalent noncorrosive metal alloys or composite materials manufactured for use as roof termination. All composite and nonmetallic flashing materials shall have a product approval.

Metal accessories may be of a manufactured, shop-fabricated or field-fabricated type, providing the materials and fasteners are in compliance with the minimum requirements of this code and shall be sized, designed and installed in compliance with methods set forth in RAS 111.

Gravel stop or drip edge profiles shall be as follows:

The vertical face shall be a minimum of 1¹/₂ inches (38 mm) and shall extend down not less than ¹/₂ inch (12.7 mm) below the sheathing or other member immediately contiguous thereto. In all cases, the deck flange shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in width. Gravel stop or drip edge shall be sized, designed and installed in compliance with RAS 111.

Gravel stop or drip edge shall be designed so that the bottom (the kick of the metal) of the drip edge shall have a minimum of ¹/₂-inch (12.7 mm) clearance from the structure.

Reserved.

Gravel stops shall be installed after all roofing felts have been applied, or in compliance with the application method set forth in the roofing assembly product approval. All asphalt or approved cold adhesive bonding areas shall be coated with ASTM D41 or ASTM D43, as required, and allowed to dry prior to application.

Gravel stops and drip edges shall be joined by lapping a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) and the entire interior of the joints shall be coated with approved flashing cement. Cover and splice plates shall be of the same material as the gravel stop and drip edge, and shall be sized, fabricated and installed in compliance with RAS 111.

The deck flange shall be nailed with an approved minimum 12 gage annular ring shank nail at 4 inches (102 mm) o.c. The nail shall be manufactured from similar and/or compatible material to the termination profile. All composite materials shall be fastened with nonferrous nails.

Prepared roof coverings shall be as defined in Section 1513 and in general limited to application over sloped roof decks capable of receiving mechanical fasteners. Prepared roof coverings may be mechanically fastened or, in specific limited cases noted in the product approval, set in an adhesive bond.

Underlayment shall be as defined in Section 1513. Underlayment shall be installed in compliance with the roofing component product approval and shall be in compliance with the following minimum requirements:

Underlayment shall be attached to a nailable deck in a grid pattern of 12 inches (305 mm) between the overlaps, with 6-inch (152 mm) spacing at the overlaps.

Where the architectural appearance of the underside is to be preserved, the underlayment shall be secured in accordance with Section 1519.5.2.

Tin caps and nails or cap nails shall be as defined in Section 1517.5.2.

Underlayment nails shall be as defined in Section 1517.5.1.

If the underlayment is a self-adhering membrane, the membrane shall be applied over a mechanically attached anchor sheet, attached in compliance with Section 1518.2.1.

All underlayment applications for prepared roof coverings shall be applied in compliance with the manufacturer roofing assembly product approval, and shall be not less than one of the following: (1) a double layer of an ASTM D226 Type I, with a 19-inch (483 mm) headlap; or (2) a single layer of an ASTM D226, Type II with a 4-inch (102 mm) headlap; or (3) a single layer of an ASTM D2626 coated base sheet with a 4-inch (102 mm) headlap, and (4) all endlaps shall be a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm).

Fiber-cement shingles shall be applied in compliance with the shingle manufacturer's roofing assembly product approval. The roofing system assembly product approval shall meet the following minimum requirements:

All nonasbestos fiber-cement shingles shall conform to ASTM C 1225.

Fiber-cement shingles shall be installed in compliance with the nailing requirements set forth in the product approval; however, attachment of each component shall be with not less than two corrosion-resistant fasteners. If adhesive is used at the head or side laps, the system shall be defined as a "sealed system" with load calculations in compliance with Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones).

All intersections shall be flashed in metal as provided in Section 1517.6 and RAS 111.

Fiber-cement shingles shall be tested as set forth in Section 1523.

Quarry slates shall be applied in compliance with the slate manufacturer's product approval. The roofing assembly product approval shall meet the following minimum requirements:

Quarry slates shall be installed with not less than two approved fasteners per slate.

All terminations and intersections shall be flashed in metal as provided in Section 1517.6 and RAS 111.

Quarry slates shall be tested in compliance with the requirements set forth in Section 1523.

Installation of all quarry roof slates shall be limited to a roof mean height of 33 feet (10 m), unless otherwise specifically noted in the product approval.

Asphaltic shingles layout, alignment and placement of mechanical attachment shall be in compliance with the product approval, and shall be installed in accordance with RAS 115.

Underlayments meeting or exceeding minimum underlayment specifications, as detailed in Section 1518, shall be applied in compliance with the application methods detailed in the product approval. Where the architectural appearance of the underside of the roof is to be preserved, refer to Section 1519.5.2.

Installation of all asphaltic shingles shall be limited to a roof mean height of 33 feet (10 m), unless otherwise specifically noted in the product approval.

The asphaltic shingle product approval shall meet the following minimum requirements.

Where asphaltic shingles are to be installed over insulated roof deck, a suitable nailable substrate, in accordance with Section 1520.5.7 must be installed over the insulation prior to the installation of approved underlayment and shingles.

Asphaltic shingles shall be installed in compliance with the product approval, but in no case with less than six approved roofing nails or approved fastening devices which penetrate through the thickness of sheathing or wood plank a minimum of ³/₁₆ inch (4.8 mm) or penetrate into a 1 inch (25 mm) or greater thickness of lumber a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm), except where architectural appearance is to be preserved, in which case a minimum of ³/₄ inch (19 mm) ring shank roofing nail may be used.

Intersections, eaves, rakes, valleys, gable ends, and the starter course of asphaltic shingles shall be set in an 8-inch (203 mm) wide bed of approved cold adhesive or roofing cement. Application of adhesive or cement shall be in compliance with the application instructions of the product approval. Shingles shall not extend more than ¹/₄ inch (6.4 mm) beyond the eave drip.

All perimeter termination and valleys shall be fabricated from metal. Minimum metal requirements are set forth in Section 1517.6 and RAS 111.

Asphaltic shingles shall be tested in compliance with the provisions set forth in Section 1523.

Tile shall be clay, concrete or composition material of various configurations complying with the physical property requirements of this code. All tile and tile systems shall be tested in compliance with the provisions set forth in Section 1523. Tile shall have a product approval for a complete tile system, which shall include the tile, underlayment and all tile related accessories required to provide a waterproof system.

All tile systems shall be installed over solid sheathed decks. All tile installation shall be in accordance with RAS 118, RAS 119, and RAS 120, as applicable.

Roof tile mortar shall either be a premixed unit having a product approval and tested in compliance with TAS 123 or a job-site mix approved by the building official and in compliance with RAS 113.

The roof tile product approval shall specify the slope requirement for each tile and underlayment system in accordance with Table 1515.2.

All roof tile fasteners shall be tested and comply with the requirements set forth in Section 1523.

All tile application designs shall comply with the following limitations in order to withstand the wind loads prescribed in this section, as well as all wind load requirements set forth in Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones).

Roof tile systems, combining mechanically fastened tile and mortar and/or adhesive, shall be acceptable.

In an air permeable tile roofing system: (1) the length of each tile shall be not less than 12 inches (305 mm) and not greater than 21 inches (533 mm) and the exposed width of the tile shall be between 8.5 inches and 15 inches (216 mm and 381 mm); (2) the maximum thickness of the nose (leading edge) of the tile shall not exceed 1.3 inches (33 mm); and (3) mortar or adhesive set system shall have at least two-thirds of the tile free of mortar and/or adhesive contact.

The proposed method of attachment for tile systems which are not considered air permeable shall provide a minimum characteristic force (F') (listed in tile product control approval) to meet or exceed the required uplift resistance (F_r) as determined by following the procedures outlined in RAS 127.

Tile systems shall extend beyond the drip edge (not including the rake) not less than ³/₄ inch (19 mm) but not more than 2 inches (51 mm).

Reserved.

Reserved.

Mortar or adhesive set tiles applied at an incline from 6:12 up to and including 7:12 shall have the first course of tile (this applies to pan only on two-piece barrel tile) mechanically fastened with not less than one fastener per tile. As an alternate, the first course of tile shall be applied in mortar over a single layer of minimum 20 gage galvanized wire mesh with openings of not less than ¹/₂ inch (12.7 mm) or greater than 1¹/₂ inches (38 mm) with minimum exposure of 12 inches (305 mm) which is mechanically attached to the deck through the underlayment with approved fasteners and tin-cap when back-nailing the cap sheet. Additionally, for roof inclines of 6:12 up to and including 7:12, every third tile of every fifth course, shall be mechanically fastened with not less than one fastener per tile. For roof inclines above 7:12, in addition to the mortar or adhesive, all tiles shall be mechanically fastened with not less than one fastener per tile. Apply approved flashing cement to seal all tile fastener penetrations, for all roof inclines.

All tile systems shall be shingle lapped interlocking and installed with the headlap as specified in the tile system product approval. In no case shall the minimum headlap be less than 2 inches (51 mm) for mortar or adhesive set tile, or less than 3 inches (76 mm) for mechanically set tile, unless restricted by product design.

Where tiles are to be installed over an insulated roof deck, a suitable nailable substrate, in accordance with Sections 1520.5.6 and 1520.5.7 must be installed over the insulation prior to the installation of approved underlayment and tiles.

For mortar or adhesive set tile, no more than two tiles shall be loose per roofing square [100 square feet (9.3 m²)]. No loose tile shall be adjacent to each other.

Steel panels/shingles shall be a minimum of G-90 corrosion resistant, and shall be not less than 26 gage in thickness. Aluminum panels/shingles shall not be less than 0.025 inch (0.685 mm) thick. All other metal panel/shingle products shall be an equivalent weight. All metal panel/shingle assemblies shall be capable of withstanding foot traffic without damage to the metal panels/shingles. Metal panels/shingles shall have product approval for a complete metal system, which shall include the panel/shingle, underlayment and all related accessories to provide a complete waterproof system.

All metal panels/shingles assemblies shall be tested in accordance with Section 1523 and TAS 125.

The entire application method of all metal panel/shingle systems shall be detailed in the product approval and RAS 133, as applicable.

Metal shingles may be applied as a recover over a single layer of asphaltic shingles or smooth surface roofing, providing the deck is solid sheathed and in compliance with the provisions of this code, the existing prepared roof covering is in compliance with provisions of this code and the entire metal shingle system is applied as set forth in the product approval.

Metal panel/shingle systems shall not extend more than 1 inch (25 mm) beyond the roof eave.

All intersections shall be flashed in metal as provided in Section 1517.6, RAS 111 and the roof assembly product approval.

All wood shingles and shakes shall be installed in accordance with RAS 130. Installation of all wood shingles and shakes shall be limited to a roof mean height of 33 feet (10 m), unless otherwise specifically noted in the product approval.

All wood shingle/shake systems shall be tested in accordance with Section 1523.

The installation of building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703.

Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall be attached in accordance with the manufacturer's product approval.

Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingles shall be tested in accordance with procedures and acceptance criteria in TAS 107. Building integrated photovoltaic roofing modules/shingle packaging shall bear a label to indicate compliance with the procedures in TAS 107.

All adhered roofing components shall be bonded to the various types of substrates in compliance with the requirements set forth in the roofing assembly product approval and the following minimum requirements. The authority having jurisdiction may adopt RAS 150 as the means of complying with the requirements listed in this section.

All packaged asphalt shall have the following data printed on the carton wrapper:

ASTM designation and type;

Flash point as determined by ASTM D92, Flash and Fire Point by Cleveland Open Cup; and

Equiviscous temperature (EVT) at which the asphalt attains a viscosity of 125 centipoise (25 centipoise for coal tar) as determined by ASTM D4402, Viscosity Determinations of Unfilled Asphalt Using the Brookfield Thermoset Apparatus.

Back nailing of interply sheets shall not be required when using ASTM D312 Type IV asphalt on slopes less than 3:12.

All mechanically attached roofing components shall be attached to the various types of substrates in compliance with the requirements set forth in the roofing assembly product approval and the following minimum requirements.

Nails shall be minimum 12 gage, annular ring shank nails having not less than 20 rings per inch; heads not less than ³/₈ inch (9.5 mm) in diameter; and lengths sufficient to penetrate through the thickness of plywood panel or wood plank decking not less than ³/₁₆ inch (5 mm), or to penetrate into a 1-inch (25.4 mm), or greater, thickness of lumber not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm). Nails shall be hot dipped; electro- or mechanically galvanized to a thickness sufficient to resist corrosion in compliance with Appendix E of TAS 114. All nails shall have product approval. All nail cartons or carton labels shall be labeled to note compliance with the corrosion-resistance requirements. No roofing material shall be fully or partially adhered, unless otherwise noted in the roof assembly product approval directly to a nailable deck.

Tin caps shall meet the requirements of Section 1517.5.2.

Prefabricated fastener systems complying with Sections 1519.5.1 and 1519.5.1.1 may be used, provided they are product approved.

Spacing of such fasteners shall be in compliance with patterns set forth in the roofing assembly product approval.

Where the architectural appearance of the underside is to be preserved, a base sheet may be secured in an alternate method of attachment prepared, signed, and sealed by a Florida-registered architect or engineer, or in buildings where the mean roof height does not exceed 15 feet (4.6 m), a base sheet may be secured with 1¹/₄-inch (32 mm) fasteners on supporting members, with a minimum of ¹/₂-inch (12.7 mm) fasteners between the supporting members, all of which shall be secured through tin caps and nailed 6 inches (152 mm) o.c. in all directions.

All lightweight insulating concrete shall be vented per roofing system manufacturer recommendations.

Lightweight concrete shall not be applied over an existing roof deck unless the supporting structure has been approved as adequate to sustain the added weight. Calculations verifying the adequacy of the existing structure to sustain the added weight shall be prepared, signed, sealed and dated by a Florida-registered architect or engineer, who is proficient in structural design, and submitted with the uniform roofing permit application.

The mechanical attachment of roofing components to other nailable decks shall be governed by the roofing assembly product approval.

Cast-in-place and precast structural concrete decks are considered nonnailable. Concrete decks shall be clean, dry and fully primed with ASTM D41 or ASTM D43, as required, primer applied at a rate of not less than 1 gallon (3.8 L) per square. Hot asphalt or cold adhesive shall not be applied until the primer has fully dried.

Steel decks shall be covered with a roof insulation panel having its own product approval and listed in the roofing assembly product approval. Insulation panels shall be mechanically fastened in compliance with the mechanical attachment patterns listed in the roofing assembly product approval and in accordance with the provisions of RAS 117.

If the deck thickness on an existing steel deck is less than 22 gage, a field fastener withdrawal-resistance test shall be conducted in compliance with TAS 105 to confirm compliance with the wind load requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones). Test results shall be submitted with the uniform roofing permit application for review prior to issuance of the roofing permit. The field fastener withdrawal-resistance test shall be carried out by an approved testing laboratory.

Steel decks shall be welded or mechanically attached to the structure in compliance with the design pressure requirements set forth in Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones).

Composite wood and insulation panels shall be mechanically attached to steel decks in compliance with the attachment requirements enumerated in the insulation roofing component product approval. The composite wood insulation panel shall be in compliance with the minimum sheathing requirements of this code.

All flashing shall be installed according to the roof assembly manufacturer's published details and literature and in accordance with RAS 111.

Valleys in BUR shall be installed according to the roof assembly manufacturer's published literature for high wind areas and in compliance with the applicable detail described in the product approval.

All parapet wall details shall be installed in accordance with the roofing system product approval, manufacturer's published details and literature and in accordance with approved methods detailed in RAS 111.

Roof insulation shall be applied in compliance with the roofing system product approval and RAS 117.

Roofing assemblies shall be surfaced in compliance with the product approval. Surfacing shall be in sufficient quantity to comply with the required fire classification. Aggregate surfacing shall not be used on slopes greater than 3:12. Aggregate shall be embedded in a flood coat of bitumen applied over a prepared top ply.

On slopes of 3:12 or less, not less than 400 pound (182 kg) of roofing gravel or 300 pounds (145 kg) of slag per square shall be applied. A minimum of 50 percent of the total aggregate shall be embedded in the flood coat of bitumen. Aggregate shall be dry and free from dirt and shall be in compliance with the sizing requirements set forth in ASTM D1863. A building official may request a test to confirm compliance with these requirements.

On inclines greater than 3:12, a smooth surface coating shall be applied.

Mineral surfaced cap sheet applications shall not require any additional surfacing unless required with the particular assembly for a fire classification.

All smooth surface applications shall be coated with an aluminized or emulsion coating, having a valid and current product approval and shall be in compliance with the application instructions in said product approval. Coating quantity shall be in compliance with the required fire rating classification for the structure.

All edge metal and terminations shall be installed according to manufacturer's published literature, provided it meets the minimum requirements as set forth in RAS 111 and Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones).

Expansion joint covers and expansion joint components shall be constructed and installed in accordance with the roofing assembly manufacturer's published literature.

All roof assemblies shall be applied to a dry substrate. Vapor retarders shall be installed, where applicable, to reduce moisture vapor flow into insulation from the warm, humid building interior, leading to internal condensation. Vents shall be installed to assist in the expulsion of moisture vapor where such vapor may enter the roofing assembly or moisture, as defined in Section 1521.12. Venting units shall not allow vapor to enter the roofing assembly when the high vapor pressure side is above the roofing membrane.

Waterproofing systems may be installed in lieu of an approved roof system over sloped or horizontal decks specifically designed for pedestrian and/or vehicular traffic, whether the deck is above occupied or unoccupied space. In new construction the minimum deck slope shall be ¹/₄:12.

The waterproofing system must possess a current and valid product approval.

If an overburden or wearing surface is not to be installed, the waterproofing system must be approved by the manufacturer for use in vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic locations.

If any portion of the waterproofing membrane is to remain exposed, the waterproofing system shall be ultra-violet resistant.

Flashings must be installed in accordance with the waterproofing manufacturer's published specifications and in compliance with the material and attachment standards of RAS 111.

The waterproofing system shall be flood tested in accordance with ASTM D5957.

The flood test shall take place after installation of the waterproofing membrane and prior to the installation of any above membrane components, wearing surface or overburden.

An approved testing lab shall provide written verification to the building official confirming that the flood test was performed along with the results, prior to final inspection.

All roof insulation shall have a product approval as an approved roofing component for use in roofing assemblies. All insulation shall be tested for physical properties in accordance with TAS 110.

Reserved.

Foam insulation panels shall be overlaid with a perlite, fiberglass, wood fiber or mineral wool overlay unless specifically stated to the contrary in the roof assembly product approval.

Reserved.

All insulation fasteners, membrane fasteners and stress plates shall have a roof component product approval, and shall be tested in compliance with RAS 117 Appendices A, B and C, and TAS 110 and TAS 114, Appendix E, Section 3 (DIN 50018), for corrosion resistance.

Roof insulation shall be applied in strict compliance with the application methods detailed in the roof assembly product approval and with the requirements set forth in RAS 117.

Roof insulation, either on the ground or on the roof top, shall be kept dry. The building official shall instruct the removal of the insulation from the job when elevated moisture levels are found in the insulation or where panels cannot achieve 85-percent adhesion.

When applied in hot asphalt or cold adhesive, no insulation panel's dimension shall be greater than 4 feet (1219 mm).

Strip or spot mopping of insulation panels shall be used as an application method only when approved in the roof assembly product approval.

Where more than one layer of insulation is applied, joints between layers shall be staggered.

Application in approved cold adhesive shall be as detailed in the product approval and shall be in compliance with the required fire classification.

Nail boards or composite panels with a nailable surface may be applied to sloped decks for the application of prepared roof covering or metal roofing systems, providing that the nailing surface is minimum 1⁵/₃₂-inch (12 mm) exterior grade plywood sheathing, and has been attached to the deck with approved fastening assemblies in accordance with the windload requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones). Composite panels shall be gapped a minimum of ¹/₈ inch (3.2 mm) to allow for expansion of the sheathing panel.

Suitable nailable decks installed over rigid board roof insulation in buildings of mean roof height of 35 feet (10.7 m) or less, shall be a minimum of 1⁵/₃₂-inch (12 mm) exterior grade plywood sheathing. These decks shall be fastened to every structural roof frame member or to the existing deck under the insulation, at intervals of not more than 24 inches (610 mm) apart, with a minimum #12 approved insulation fastener spaced at a maximum of 12 inches (305 mm) apart in one direction with a minimum penetration of 1¹/₂ inches (38 mm) into the structural member or deck. In these cases the maximum thickness of the rigid insulation board shall not exceed 2 inches (51 mm). An alternate method of attachment may be proposed, provided it is in compliance with Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones), and it is prepared, signed and sealed by a Florida-registered architect or a Florida professional engineer, which architect or engineer shall be proficient in structural design.

Mechanical attachment of insulation panels at uneven areas shall be acceptable. Hollowing, cutting or scoring of insulation panels to provide contact shall not be acceptable.

Materials and methods of application used for recovering or replacing an existing roof covering, system or assembly shall comply with the requirements set forth in Sections 1512 through 1525.

Repairs shall be carried out with roofing components as defined in this chapter having a product approval.

Repairs shall be carried out in such a manner as to not create additional ponding water.

Not more than 25 percent of the total roof area or roof section of any existing building or structure shall be repaired, replaced or recovered in any 12-month period unless the entire existing roofing system or roof section is replaced to conform to requirements of this code.

A roofing system shall not be applied over an existing roof or over an existing roof deck where the roof sheathing has not been fastened in compliance with this code or where the roof sheathing will not permit effective fastening or where sheathing is water soaked or deteriorated so that effective attachment is not possible. All areas of deteriorated sheathing shall be removed and replaced. The building official shall not be required to inspect the renailing of the sheathing under this section.

Structural concrete decks shall be allowed to dry or shall be dried prior to application of an ASTM D41 or ASTM D43, as required, or roofing system proprietary primer where the base sheet or base insulation layer is bonded to the concrete deck.

On lightweight insulating concrete, gypsum and cementitious wood fiber roof decks a field fastener withdrawal-resistance test, in compliance with TAS 105, shall be carried out to confirm compliance with wind load requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones).

If the tested fasteners exhibit a minimum characteristic resistance force less than 80 percent than that listed in the product approval, a structural engineer shall examine the deck's integrity and provide a proposed attachment specification. Such specification shall be submitted with the uniform roofing permit application for review and approval by the building official prior to the issuance of a roofing permit. Calculations for the attachment of the anchor sheet/base sheet or insulation over these deck types shall be in compliance with RAS 117.

Steel decks shall be examined prior to recover for indication of corrosion. Any corrosion identified and exposed on the roof side shall be treated with a rust inhibitor, providing the field fastener withdrawal resistance values of the proposed mechanical fasteners comply with the requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones) of this code. All steel decks less than 22 gage shall be field tested for fastener withdrawal resistance for compliance with Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones) prior to application of a new roofing system. Test results shall be submitted with the uniform roofing permit application.

One additional roofing system may be applied over an original roofing assembly, providing the existing roofing assembly complies with the requirements of Section 1521.

If the recover roofing assembly is to be bonded to an existing roofing membrane, the existing roofing membrane shall be tested in compliance with TAS 124 for uplift resistance. The existing roofing membrane shall resist the design pressures calculated under Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones) of this code. Test results shall be submitted with the uniform roofing permit application.

If the recover roofing assembly is mechanically attached through either a base sheet or insulation layer, the attachment assembly shall be field tested for fastener withdrawal resistance in compliance with TAS 105, and laboratory tested for pull-over resistance to insure compliance with wind uplift requirements set forth in Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones) of this code. Test results shall be submitted with the uniform roofing permit application. Recover roofing assembly anchor sheet or base sheet shall not be mechanically fastened directly to existing gravel roof unless all gravel is completely removed.

Moisture content of the existing roofing assembly to be covered by a new roofing system shall not exceed 5 percent by weight in the roofing membrane and 8 percent by weight in commercially manufactured rigid board roof insulation as verified by moisture survey performed in accordance with TAS 126. Test results shall be submitted with the Uniform Roofing Permit Application. Testing for moisture content shall not be required for existing lightweight insulating concrete, gypsum, and cementitious wood fiber roof decks. All existing lightweight insulating concrete, gypsum and cementitious wood fiber roof decks shall be tested in accordance with Section 1521.7 to confirm compliance with wind load requirements of Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones).

Prior to starting the work the contractor has the responsibility of notifying the owner of any possibility of ponding water and recommending a structural review if ponding water is a possibility.

If the new roofing system is to be bonded to the existing roof surface, the surface shall be free of all loose gravel, dirt and silt and dry prior to commencement of the roofing application. All blisters shall be cut and repaired prior to roofing application.

If the existing roof surface has gravel embedded in hot asphalt, all loose gravel shall be removed together with any dirt and silt. The dry membrane surface shall be primed with ASTM D41 primer or proprietary roofing system primer and allowed to dry thoroughly. A flood coat of ASTM D312, Type III or IV asphalt shall be applied to sufficient depth to cover the remaining embedded gravel. The prepared substrate shall be suitable for application of a new insulation layer only.

In the case of existing coal tar assemblies, the existing roof surface shall be primed with ASTM D43 primer or covered with a mechanically attached separation board prior to application of a new coal tar assembly. If an existing coal tar assembly is to be covered with an asphalt applied roofing system, only the separation board is acceptable. The attachment of the entire assembly, including the separation board, shall meet the design pressure requirements set forth in Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones).

Insulation shall have a product approval as a roofing component approved for use as a part of the roofing assembly. The insulation panels shall be bonded or mechanically attached in compliance with the product approval and RAS 117.

Where an existing sloped roof is sheathed with spaced sheathing, any existing prepared roof covering shall be removed. New sheathing shall be applied in compliance with Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones), or open spacing shall be filled with dimensional lumber to create solid wood sheathing providing the spaced sheathing is in compliance with this code. Spaced sheathing is approved for use with wood shakes and wood shingles only.

No recover application shall take place over existing wood shingles, shakes, slate, tile or metal shingles.

Asphalt shingle assemblies may be applied over one existing layer of asphalt shingles having not more than ¹/₈-inch (3.2 mm) difference in level in the existing shingle material. Recover over an existing shingle system shall be with a product having a product approval as prepared roof covering, in strict compliance with the application method detailed in the product approval.

Application of elastomeric and or maintenance coating systems over existing asphalt shingles shall be in accordance with the shingle manufacturer's approved installation instructions.

Sprayed polyurethane foam (PUF) and elastomeric coating systems may be applied over existing roofing assemblies providing the PUF system has obtained a product approval, the deck has been prepared in compliance with the product approval and this code, the application is in strict compliance with the foam manufacturer's published application instructions for the environmental conditions at the time of application and post-application inspections conform to RAS 109.

No PUF system shall be applied over existing composition shingles.

Upon completion of a PUF system, an inspection of the system shall be carried out by an authorized representative of the coating manufacturer. A certification shall be furnished to the building official within 30 days of completion, confirming that the quality control tests detailed in the PUF system product approval have been carried out with satisfactory results.

Should a PUF system have inadequate adhesion to meet the design pressures, as set forth in Chapter 16 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones), the roofing system shall be removed and replaced with a roofing system tested to adequate adhesion. An additional inspection shall be required once the roofing system has been replaced. A field adhesion test may be requested by the building official during the application or at the completion of the project to confirm adequate adhesion.

The PUF system shall comply with Section 1521.

All PUF systems shall be installed by licensed roofing contractors holding an applicator's certificate from the manufacturer holding the product approval for the PUF system.

Roof coverings or roofing components, such as tile, slate or similar, shall not be applied over an existing roofing system.

Lightweight insulating concrete shall not be applied over an existing roofing system unless the existing roofing assembly is verified to be adequate to accept the new lightweight insulating concrete and is in compliance with the testing required herein.

Rooftop structures shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the Florida Building Code.

All rooftop equipment and supports shall be secured to the structure in compliance with the loading requirements of Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones). The use of wood "sleepers" shall not be permitted.

Permanently mounted rooftop equipment shall be installed to provide clearances, in accordance with Table 1522.3, to permit repairs, replacement and/or maintenance of the roofing system or any of its components.

When reroofing, recovering, performing repair or roof maintenance, and where the roof top equipment is moved to properly execute such work, the minimum clearances of the said equipment support shall be in accordance with Table 1522.3.

In buildings where the existing rooftop equipment, in the opinion of the building official, provides sufficient clearance to repair, recover, replace and/or maintain the roofing system or any of its components, such existing equipment need not comply with Table 1522.3.

Electrical conduit, mechanical piping or any other service lines running on the roof shall be raised not less than 8 inches (203 mm) above the finished roof surface.

Condensate lines shall not drain on the roofing system or any of its components. Condensate lines need not comply with the minimum clearance requirements.

This section defines the minimum testing requirements for substrates, roofing components, roofing systems and roofing assemblies. All roofing products shall be tested for physical properties, water-infiltration, uplift performance and fire resistance, as addressed within this code.

Testing requirements for physical properties of all roofing products shall be as set forth in TAS 110.

Testing for substrates, roofing components, roofing systems and roofing assemblies shall comply with the provisions herein and those of Florida Building Code, Building, TAS and RAS listed in this code.

All testing required by this code shall be performed by an approved testing laboratory.

A margin of safety of 2:1 shall be applied to all wind uplift resistance test results. All in-situ (on-site) testing shall have an applied 1.45:1 margin of safety.

All products shall be identified with the product approval number or logo; or the manufacturer's name or logo. ASTM standard roll goods shall be marked with a yellow line to identify the ASTM standard, or such other marking indicated in the product approval.

All asphalt shingles, tile products and metal roofing panels and clips shall be labeled on the underside with the Florida Building Code, Building insignia, or product approval number, or the wording "Florida Building Code, Building Product Approved," and manufacturer's initials or manufacturer's logo, or as specified in the manufacturer's product approval.

The certification agency, at its discretion, may carry out, observe or delegate the inspection and testing to an independent testing laboratory for any approved product. Should the manufacturer fail to meet the minimum requirements set forth in this code or specifically listed in the manufacturer's product control approval, the certification agency shall have the authority to withdraw the approval until such time as the manufacturer complies with the approved physical properties. The certification agency shall have the authority, and shall charge the manufacturer for any cost incurred.

All continuous roofing systems shall be tested in compliance with TAS 110 and TAS 114 in its entirety. All continuous roofing systems shall resist a minimum of 90 pounds per square foot (psf) (4309 Pa) tested wind uplift pressure resistance. Continuous roofing system testing requirements shall be as follows:

All spray applied polyurethane foam systems shall be tested in compliance to RAS 109 and TAS 110 and TAS 114.

Physical properties testing for acrylic coatings used on spray applied polyurethane foam roofing assemblies shall be tested in compliance with ASTM D6083 and federal specification TTC-555B, Test Specification for Wind Driven Rain Infiltration Resistance.